Mike:
The unit knows that the knocking cylinder is the one that just fired. Software keeps track, and when that cylinder is ready to fire again, dials in the calculated amount of retard.
The system retards one, two, or three increments per knock event, depending on knock intensity, up to a max of ten counts. In the ten degree range (S1 down), each count is one degree. Double this for the twenty degree range.
At 5000 RPM, one engine cycle is 24 msec, so the system could retard the knocking cylinder(s) nine counts in less than 1/10th of a second.
Normal human reaction time is about 300 msec.
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